Difference between revisions of "Getting Started with DPDK and UHD"

Revision as of 09:10, 21 November 2023

1 Application Note Number and Authors
2 Overview
3 Abstract
4 Supported Devices
- 4.1 USRPs
- 4.2 Host Network Cards
5 References
6 Dependencies
7 Installing DPDK
8 Installing UHD
9 Enable hugepages
10 Preparing your UHD Configuration File
- 10.1 UHD 3.x
- 10.2 UHD 4.0
11 Additional Host Configuration for NIC Vendors
12 Known Issues / Troubleshooting
- 12.1 Underruns Every Second with DPDK + Ubuntu

Application Note Number and Authors

AN-500 by Nate Temple, Alex Williams, Wade Fife, Matt Prost, and Michael Dickens

Overview

This application note walks through the process to get started with the Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) driver within UHD.

Abstract

Up until now, UHD's only support for networked devices was backed by the kernel's sockets implementation. Every call to send() or recv() would cause a context switch and invite the kernel's scheduler to replace our thread with something else. Because the typical scheduler is optimized to distribute CPU time fairly across multiple loads, the timing-critical threads might sporadically be hit with sleeping time, and the thread might be migrated off its current CPU and forced to run on another. The overhead and random latency spikes make it difficult to enable reliable real-time streaming at higher rates.

DPDK is a high-speed packet processing framework that enables a kernel bypass for network drivers. By putting the entire driver in user space, avoiding context switches, and pinning I/O threads to cores, UHD and DPDK combine to largely prevent the latency spikes induced by the scheduler. In addition, the overall overhead for packet processing lowers.

Supported Devices

USRPs

DPDK is supported on the following USRP devices:

E320
N300 / N310
N320 / N321
X300 / X310
X410
X440

Host Network Cards

DPDK is supported on many Intel and Mellanox based 10Gb and 100Gb NICs. Below is a list of NICs Ettus Research has tested. For a full list of NICs supported by DPDK, please see the DPDK manual.

Intel X520-DA1 (1x10Gb)
Intel X520-DA2 (2x10Gb)
Intel X710-DA2 (2x10Gb)
Intel X710-DA4 (4x10Gb)
Intel XL710-QDA2 (2x40Gb breakout to 4x10Gb)
Intel E810-CQDA1 & E810-CQDA2 (2x100Gb and 2x4x10Gb)
Mellanox MCX4121A-ACAT ConnectX-4 Lx (2x10Gb)
Mellanox MCX515A-CCAT ConnectX-5 EN (2x100Gb or 2x10Gb)
Mellanox MCX516A-CCAT ConnectX-5 EN (2x100Gb or 2x10Gb)
Mellanox MCX516A-CDAT ConnectX-5 Ex EN (2x100Gb or 2x10Gb)
Mellanox MCX623106AN-CDAT ConnectX-6 Dx EN (2x100Gb or 2x10Gb)
NI Dual 100 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe Interface Kit (PN 788216-01)

References

Dependencies

UHD 3.x requires DPDK 17.11, which is included in the default repos of Ubuntu 18.04.x

UHD 4.0 requires DPDK 18.11

DPDK support was added for the N3xx/E320 USRPs with UHD 3.13.x.x

DPDK support was added for the X3xx with UHD 3.14.1.0

Installing DPDK

On Ubuntu 18.04.x, it is possible to install DPDK 17.11 via apt:

   sudo apt install dpdk dpdk-dev

For DPDK 18.11, follow the instructions on the DPDK website to download, configure, and build DPDK (https://doc.dpdk.org/guides-18.11/linux_gsg/build_dpdk.html).

Installing UHD

Once the dpdk and dpdk-dev packages are installed, UHD will locate them during a build and you should see DPDK in the enabled components lists when running cmake.

Enable hugepages

Edit your grub configuration file, /etc/default/grub, and add the follow parameters to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT:

   iommu=pt intel_iommu=on hugepages=2048

On a vanilla Ubuntu system it should look like this:

   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash iommu=pt intel_iommu=on hugepages=2048"

Close /etc/default/grub and at the command prompt, update your grub configuration with the command:

   sudo update-grub

For these settings to take effect, reboot your host machine.

Preparing your UHD Configuration File

You should note the MAC addresses for your 10Gb NICs before proceeding.

The MAC addresses for your NICs can be found by running the command:

   ip a

You should then create a UHD configuration file at the location /root/.uhd/uhd.conf.

   sudo su
   mkdir -p /root/.uhd
   nano /root/.uhd/uhd.conf

UHD 3.x

An example uhd.conf file is listed below. Note that field names in UHD 3.x are slightly different from UHD 4.0.

You should update the following fields for your configuration from this example:

Update the MAC address variables, dpdk-mac, to match your NIC

Update the dpdk-driver if the location is different on your system. /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dpdk-17.11-drivers/ is the default location on Ubuntu 18.04.x when dpdk is installed via apt.

Update the dpdk-corelist and dpdk-io-cpu fields. In this example, a two port NIC is used. There should be one core for the main dpdk thread (in this example core #2), and then separate cores assigned to each NIC (in this example core #3 for the first port on the NIC, core #4 for the second port on the NIC)

Update the dpdk-ipv4 fields to your desired IP range.
- 192.168.30.2, 192.168.40.2 on a default X3xx system
- 192.168.10.2, 192.168.20.2 on a default N3xx system
- 192.168.10.2 on a default E320 system

   [use_dpdk=1]
   dpdk-mtu=9000
   dpdk-driver=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dpdk-17.11-drivers/
   dpdk-corelist=2,3,4
   dpdk-num-mbufs=4095
   dpdk-mbufs-cache-size=315
   
   [dpdk-mac=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:f1]
   dpdk-io-cpu = 3
   dpdk-ipv4 = 192.168.10.1/24
   
   [dpdk-mac=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:f2]
   dpdk-io-cpu = 4
   dpdk-ipv4 = 192.168.20.1/24

Note: Additional information on the UHD configuration file can be found here: https://files.ettus.com/manual_archive/v3.15.0.0/html/page_dpdk.html#dpdk_nic_config

UHD 4.0

An example uhd.conf file is listed below. Note that the field names in UHD 4.0 are slightly different from UHD 3.x.

You should update the following fields for your configuration from this example:

Update the MAC address variables, dpdk_mac, to match your NIC

Update the dpdk_driver if the location is different on your system. /usr/local/lib/ is the default location on Ubuntu 18.04.x when DPDK 18.11 is manually built and installed.

Update the dpdk_corelist and dpdk_lcore fields. In this example, a two port NIC is used. There should be one core for the main dpdk thread (in this example core #2), and then separate cores assigned to each NIC (in this example core #3 for the first port on the NIC, core #4 for the second port on the NIC)

Update the dpdk_ipv4 fields to your desired IP range.
- 192.168.30.2, 192.168.40.2 on a default X3xx system
- 192.168.10.2, 192.168.20.2 on a default N3xx system
- 192.168.10.2 on a default E320 system

   [use_dpdk=1]
   dpdk_mtu=9000
   dpdk_driver=/usr/local/lib/
   dpdk_corelist=2,3,4
   dpdk_num_mbufs=4095
   dpdk_mbuf_cache_size=315
   
   [dpdk_mac=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:f1]
   dpdk_lcore = 3
   dpdk_ipv4 = 192.168.10.1/24
   
   [dpdk_mac=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:f2]
   dpdk_lcore = 4
   dpdk_ipv4 = 192.168.20.1/24

Note: Additional information on the UHD configuration file can be found here: https://files.ettus.com/manual/page_dpdk.html#dpdk_nic_config

Additional Host Configuration for NIC Vendors

The process for this step is different for Intel and Mellanox NICs and is detailed in individual sections below.

Intel X520 / X710

The Intel based NICs will use the vfio-pci driver which must be loaded:

   sudo modprobe vfio-pci

Next, you will need to rebind the NIC to the vfio-pci drivers.

First, identify the PCI address your NIC is at:

   dpdk-devbind --status

Note the PCI address that your NIC is connected to for the next step.

Before the next step, you will need to turn off the NIC first before doing the rebind.

In Ubuntu under System -> Network -> click the switches to off for the 10Gb ports, then run the dpdk-devbind commands:

Note: Your PCI address will likely be different than 02:00.0 as shown in the example below.

   sudo dpdk-devbind --bind=vfio-pci 02:00.0
   sudo dpdk-devbind --bind=vfio-pci 02:00.1

Now if you run dpdk-devbind --status again, you should see the NICs listed under DPDK devices

   # dpdk-devbind --status
   
   Network devices using DPDK-compatible driver
   ============================================
   0000:02:00.0 '82599ES 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection 10fb' drv=vfio-pci unused=ixgbe
   0000:02:00.1 '82599ES 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+ Network Connection 10fb' drv=vfio-pci unused=ixgbe

Note: More info can be found here on the rebinding process: https://doc.dpdk.org/guides-17.11/linux_gsg/linux_drivers.html#binding-and-unbinding-network-ports-to-from-the-kernel-modules

Mellanox NICs

The Mellanox NICs do not require rebinding using the vfio-pci driver. Mellanox provides additional drivers for DPDK.

Install and activate the Mellanox drivers:

   sudo apt install librte-pmd-mlx5-17.11
   sudo modprobe -a ib_uverbs mlx5_core mlx5_ib

For 18.11 you can download and install the latest Mellanox drivers from the mellanox website (https://www.mellanox.com/products/infiniband-drivers/linux/mlnx_ofed).

The MLX5 poll mode driver library (librte_pmd_mlx5) in DPDK provides support for Mellanox ConnextX-4 and ConnectX-5 cards. This driver must be enabled manually with the build option CONFIG_RTE_LIBRTE_MLX5_PMD=y when building DPDK.

Running UHD Applications with DPDK

UHD based application (including GNU Radio flowgraphs) can now be ran using a DPDK transport by passing in the Device Argument: use_dpdk=1.

Important Note: In order for UHD to use DPDK, the UHD application *must* be ran as the root user. Using sudo will not work, you should switch to the root user by running sudo su.

For example, running the benchmark_rate utility:

# cd /usr/local/lib/uhd/examples

# ./benchmark_rate --rx_rate 125e6 --rx_subdev "A:0 B:0" --rx_channels 0,1 --tx_rate 125e6 --tx_subdev "A:0 B:0" --tx_channels 0,1 --args "addr=192.168.10.2,second_addr=192.168.20.2,mgmt_addr=10.2.1.19,master_clock_rate=125e6,use_dpdk=1"

[INFO] [UHD] linux; GNU C++ version 7.3.0; Boost_106501; UHD_3.14.0.HEAD-0-gabf0db4e
EAL: Detected 8 lcore(s)
EAL: Some devices want iova as va but pa will be used because.. EAL: IOMMU does not support IOVA as VA
EAL: No free hugepages reported in hugepages-1048576kB
EAL: Probing VFIO support...
EAL: VFIO support initialized
EAL: PCI device 0000:02:00.0 on NUMA socket -1
EAL:   Invalid NUMA socket, default to 0
EAL:   probe driver: 8086:10fb net_ixgbe
EAL:   using IOMMU type 1 (Type 1)
EAL: Ignore mapping IO port bar(2)
EAL: PCI device 0000:02:00.1 on NUMA socket -1
EAL:   Invalid NUMA socket, default to 0
EAL:   probe driver: 8086:10fb net_ixgbe
EAL: Ignore mapping IO port bar(2)
PMD: ixgbe_dev_link_status_print():  Port 0: Link Down
EAL: Port 0 MAC: aa bb cc dd ee f1
EAL: Port 0 UP: 1
PMD: ixgbe_dev_link_status_print():  Port 1: Link Down
EAL: Port 1 MAC: aa bb cc dd ee f2
EAL: Port 1 UP: 1
EAL: Init DONE!
EAL: Starting I/O threads!
USER2: Thread 1 started
[00:00:00.000003] Creating the usrp device with: addr=192.168.10.2,second_addr=192.168.20.2,mgmt_addr=10.2.1.19,master_clock_rate=125e6,use_dpdk=1...
[INFO] [MPMD] Initializing 1 device(s) in parallel with args: mgmt_addr=10.2.1.19,type=n3xx,product=n310,serial=313ABDA,claimed=False,addr=192.168.10.2,second_addr=192.168.20.2,master_clock_rate=125e6,use_dpdk=1
[INFO] [MPM.PeriphManager] init() called with device args 'product=n310,time_source=internal,master_clock_rate=125e6,clock_source=internal,use_dpdk=1,second_addr=192.168.20.2,mgmt_addr=10.2.1.19'.
[INFO] [0/DmaFIFO_0] Initializing block control (NOC ID: 0xF1F0D00000000004)
[INFO] [0/DmaFIFO_0] BIST passed (Throughput: 1344 MB/s)
[INFO] [0/DmaFIFO_0] BIST passed (Throughput: 1341 MB/s)
[INFO] [0/DmaFIFO_0] BIST passed (Throughput: 1348 MB/s)
[INFO] [0/DmaFIFO_0] BIST passed (Throughput: 1347 MB/s)
[INFO] [0/Radio_0] Initializing block control (NOC ID: 0x12AD100000011312)
[INFO] [0/Radio_1] Initializing block control (NOC ID: 0x12AD100000011312)
[INFO] [0/DDC_0] Initializing block control (NOC ID: 0xDDC0000000000000)
[INFO] [0/DDC_1] Initializing block control (NOC ID: 0xDDC0000000000000)
[INFO] [0/DUC_0] Initializing block control (NOC ID: 0xD0C0000000000002)
[INFO] [0/DUC_1] Initializing block control (NOC ID: 0xD0C0000000000002)
Using Device: Single USRP:
  Device: N300-Series Device
  Mboard 0: ni-n3xx-313ABDA
  RX Channel: 0
    RX DSP: 0
    RX Dboard: A
    RX Subdev: Magnesium
  RX Channel: 1
    RX DSP: 0
    RX Dboard: B
    RX Subdev: Magnesium
  TX Channel: 0
    TX DSP: 0
    TX Dboard: A
    TX Subdev: Magnesium
  TX Channel: 1
    TX DSP: 0
    TX Dboard: B
    TX Subdev: Magnesium

[00:00:03.728707] Setting device timestamp to 0...
[INFO] [MULTI_USRP]     1) catch time transition at pps edge
[INFO] [MULTI_USRP]     2) set times next pps (synchronously)
[00:00:05.331920] Testing receive rate 125.000000 Msps on 2 channels
[00:00:05.610789] Testing transmit rate 125.000000 Msps on 2 channels
[00:00:15.878071] Benchmark complete.


Benchmark rate summary:
  Num received samples:     2557247854
  Num dropped samples:      0
  Num overruns detected:    0
  Num transmitted samples:  2504266704
  Num sequence errors (Tx): 0
  Num sequence errors (Rx): 0
  Num underruns detected:   0
  Num late commands:        0
  Num timeouts (Tx):        0
  Num timeouts (Rx):        0


Done!

Tuning Notes

General Host Performance Tuning App Note

The Application Note linked below covers general performance tuning tips that should be applied:

https://kb.ettus.com/USRP_Host_Performance_Tuning_Tips_and_Tricks

Increasing num_recv_frames

If you experience Overflows at higher data rates, adding the device argument num_recv_frames=512 can help.

Full Rate Streaming (UHD 3.x only)

If you're streaming data at the full master clock rate, and there is no interpolation or decimation being performed on the FPGA, you can skip the DUC and DDC blocks within the FPGA with the following parameters:

skip_ddc=1
skip_duc=1

Full Rate on X3xx

If you're streaming two transmit channels at full rate (200e6) on the X3xx platform, you should additionally set the device arg:

enable_tx_dual_eth=1

Isolate CPUs

Isolating the CPUs that are used for DPDK can improve performance. This can be done by adding the isolcpus parameter to your GRUB_CONFIG

   isolcpus=2,3,4

Disable System Interrupts

Disabling system interrupts can improve the jitter and performance generally by 1-3%. This can be done by adding the parameters below to your GRUB_CONFIG

   nohz_full=2,3,4 rcu_nocbs=2,3,4

Disable Hyper-threading

In some applications which require the highest possible CPU performance per core, disabling hyper-threading can provide roughly a 10% increase in core performance, at the cost of having less core threads. Hyper-threading can be disabled within the BIOs and varies by manufacturer.

Streaming on Multiple Channels

If you're streaming on multiple channels simultaneously, you can create multiple streamer objects on separate threads. This can be accomplished with the `benchmark_rate` example by using the parameter `--multi_streamer`.

Elevated Streaming Thread Priority

In UHD 4, streaming thread priorities can be elevated with the `uhd::set_thread_priority_safe()` function call. This can be accomplished with the benchmark_rate example by using parameter `--priority high`.

Additional Tuning Notes from Intel

Performance report from Intel on DPDK 17.11: https://fast.dpdk.org/doc/perf/DPDK_17_11_Intel_NIC_performance_report.pdf
How to get best performance with NICs on Intel platforms: https://doc.dpdk.org/guides/linux_gsg/nic_perf_intel_platform.html

Known Issues / Troubleshooting

Underruns Every Second with DPDK + Ubuntu

With Linux kernels 5.10 and beyond, we have observed periodic underruns on systems that otherwise have no issues. These Linux kernel versions are the default for Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS and later. The underrun issue is due to the RT_RUNTIME_SHARE feature being disabled by default in these versions of the Linux kernel (shown as NO_RT_RUNTIME_SHARE). The following procedure can be used to enable this feature. This process was tested on Linux kernel version 5.13; the procedure may be slightly different on other kernel versions. To determine the Linux kernel version of your system, in a terminal issue the command uname -r.

$ sudo -s
$ cd /sys/kernel/debug/sched
$ cat features

GENTLE_FAIR_SLEEPERS START_DEBIT NO_NEXT_BUDDY LAST_BUDDY CACHE_HOT_BUDDY WAKEUP_PREEMPTION NO_HRTICK NO_HRTICK_DL NO_DOUBLE_TICK NONTASK_CAPACITY TTWU_QUEUE SIS_PROP NO_WARN_DOUBLE_CLOCK RT_PUSH_IPI '''NO_RT_RUNTIME_SHARE''' NO_LB_MIN ATTACH_AGE_LOAD WA_IDLE WA_WEIGHT WA_BIAS UTIL_EST UTIL_EST_FASTUP NO_LATENCY_WARN ALT_PERIOD BASE_SLICE

$ echo RT_RUNTIME_SHARE > features
$ cat features

GENTLE_FAIR_SLEEPERS START_DEBIT NO_NEXT_BUDDY LAST_BUDDY CACHE_HOT_BUDDY WAKEUP_PREEMPTION NO_HRTICK NO_HRTICK_DL NO_DOUBLE_TICK NONTASK_CAPACITY TTWU_QUEUE SIS_PROP NO_WARN_DOUBLE_CLOCK RT_PUSH_IPI '''RT_RUNTIME_SHARE''' NO_LB_MIN ATTACH_AGE_LOAD WA_IDLE WA_WEIGHT WA_BIAS UTIL_EST UTIL_EST_FASTUP NO_LATENCY_WARN ALT_PERIOD BASE_SLICE

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 ** https://doc.dpdk.org/guides-17.11
 ** https://doc.dpdk.org/guides-18.11
+** https://doc.dpdk.org/guides-19.11
+** https://doc.dpdk.org/guides-20.11
+** https://doc.dpdk.org/guides-21.11
+** https://doc.dpdk.org/guides-22.11
 * UHD Manual: https://files.ettus.com/manual/page_dpdk.html